RGPV OPERATIN SYSTEM : Solved Question: 2013 Paper | |||||||||||||||||||||
Q2. Compare and contrast:
(i)
Multi programming, batch and
time sharing system.
Ans.
(i)
MULTIPROGRAMMING OPERATING SYSTEM:
Sharing the processor, when two or more programs reside in memory at the same
time, is referred as multiprogramming.
Multiprogramming increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs so that the CPU
always has one to execute.
The following figure shows the memory layout for a multiprogramming system.
An OS does the following activities
related to multiprogramming.
·
The operating
system keeps several jobs in memory at a time.
·
This set of jobs
is a subset of the jobs kept in the job pool.
·
The operating
system picks and begins to execute one of the jobs in the memory.
·
Multiprogramming
operating systems monitor the state of all active programs and system resources
using memory management programs to ensures that the CPU is never idle, unless
there are no jobs to process.
Advantages
Disadvantages
(i)
BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM:
The users of batch operating system do not interact with the computer
directly.
Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and
submits it to the computer operator.
To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together
and run as a group.
The operator then sorts programs into batches with similar
requirements.
The problems with Batch Systems are following.-
·
Lack of interaction between the user and job.
·
CPU is often idle, because the speeds of the mechanical I/O devices is
slower than CPU.
·
Difficult to provide the desired priority.
(i)
TIME SHARING OPERATING SYSTEM:
Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of
multiprogramming.
Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously
is termed as time-sharing.
Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by switching between them, but
the switches occur so frequently. Thus, the user can receives an immediate
response.
Operating system uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to provide
each user with a small portion of a time.
ADVANTAGES -
·
Provide advantage of quick response.
·
Avoids duplication of software.
·
Reduces CPU idle time.
DISADVANTAGES -
·
Problem of reliability.
·
Question of security and integrity of user programs and data.
·
Problem of data communication.
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(i)
NETWORK AND DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
Ans. Comparison…
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Q3. What is meant by system
call. How it can be used? How does an application program use these calls during
execution? How is all this related to the compilation process.
Ans. SYSTEM CALL:
System call act as an
interface between user (computer program) and operating system.
System calls are used
for hardware services.
HOW SYSTEM
CALL USED:
Hardware’s request is
received by kernel in the form of system call, than that system call is
transferred to the operating system by Kernel and vice versa. It means a Kernel
(System call) act as a interface between computer hardware’s (key board, mouse,
printer, monitor etc.) and operating system.
APPLICATION
PROGRAM USES SYSTEM CALL DURING EXEECUTION:
A user program cant
interact directly with the operating systems kernel, because it will be against
the violation of processors access control rules.
System call is a
mechanism for the application programs to interact with the operating system.
Application codes start
a system call; this system call is imported by application codes from the system
libraries provided by operating system such a libc.a.
libc.a can
have functions that perform some user-mode processing and then internally start
a system call.
Than this system call from applications programs are interact with the kernels
of an operating system, and then this kernel perform execution of application
programs on operating system. Also kernel returns the response in the form of
system call to the application programs.
SYSTEM CALL
RELATED WITH COMPILATION PROCESS:
A process can call a
system call and pass parameters to it just like any other library function.
So
Each process from an
user has a address space it means this process needed a memory location and
reference.
Compiler pushes the
system call name and parameters supplied by the process in a stack and then put
the assembly instruction.
This assembly
instruction is executed by hardware by first toggling the mode from user to
kernel and then setting the code pointer, which picks up the parameters from the
stack and executes the system call and passes to the CPU which again passes
control to the user process.
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Q4. Explain the function of
operating system ?
Ans. OPERATING
SYTEM:
operating system is the set of programs that controls a computer.
It provide a pleasant and effective
interface between the user and the hardware
Makes the computer more convenient to use
SOME
EXAMPLES OF OS:
(i)
Windows XP
(ii)
MS DOS
(iii)
Linux etc
FUNCTIONS OF
OS:
(I) Process Management
(II) Memory Management
(III) File Management
(IV) Security Management
(V) Command Interpreter
(I)
PROCESS
MANAGEMENT
By process
management OS manages many kinds of activities :-
All process from start to shut down
Creation and deletion of user and system processes.
(II)
MEMORY
MANAGEMENT
The major
activities of an operating regard to memory-management are:-
Decide which process are loaded into memory when memory space becomes
available.
Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed.
(III)
FILE
MANAGEMENT
The file
management system allow the user to
perform such tasks:-
Creating files and directories
Renaming files
Coping and moving files
Deleting files
(IV)
SECURITY MANAGEMENT
By security
management OS manages many tasks such as:-
Alert messages
Dialogue boxes
Firewall
Passwords
(V)
COMMAND
INTERPRETER
A command
interpreter is an interface between system and the user. There are two types of
user interface:-
Command line
Graphical user interface
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Q5
Explain various steps involved in booting ?
Ans.
Step 1: Power on device
Step 2: Start executing code in BIOS (H/W initialization) and Load boot
vector.
Step 3: Machine start to execute at Boot Vector
Step 4: Bootloader loads OS image into
RAM by using Boot sector on disk.
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